Gulf crude exports returned to pre-war levels in September, with producers increasingly relying on alternative routes and ship-to-ship transfers to bypass Hormuz. IRGC commander says oil flows through US-supervised route in Hormuz are ‘negligible’. Key points and original sources are listed below.

• Gulf crude exports returned to pre-war levels in September, with producers increasingly relying on alternative routes and ship-to-ship transfers to bypass Hormuz. Iranian exports remain below the pre-war average.S1

• IRGC commander says oil flows through US-supervised route in Hormuz are ‘negligible’.S2